Sanskrit words in English

In philology, our Sanskrit language is now universally acknowledged to be the foundation of all European languages, which, in fact, are nothing but jargonized Sanskrit. 
- Swami Vivekananda (In his lecture - INDIA'S GIFT TO THE WORLD - Brooklyn Standard Union, February 27, 1895)

Read and enjoy the connection between Sanskrit and English words.
Who knows when they traveled to all parts of the world.
The greater part of list here is culled from various sources. The blogger doesn't claim the collection as his own intellectual property. However, many words are added by the blogger.

1	-sthan	स्थान	Sanskrit: stan, "land". Afghanistan, Turkisthan, Kurdisthan, Ghabulisthan, Kazakstan, all reflect their Vedic connection. Arabia comes from the word Arvasthan.
2	a (prefix meaning “not” ex: theiest-atheist	अ	a (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”). a (prefix meaning “not” ex: gochara – agochara)
3	Abraham	ब्रह्म	Sanskrit: Brahma, "Vedic God".
4	Adam	आदिम	Sanskrit: aadim, "The first or most ancient man".
5	Agone (fire)	अग्नि	Sanskrit: Agni, "Vedic fire God".
6	America	अमरक	Sanskrit: Amaraka, "Land of the immortals".
7	Amsterdam	अन्तर्धाम	Sanskrit: Antardham, "Region below sea level".
8	Andropov	इन्द्र	Sanskrit: Indra, "Vedic God".
9	Anonymous	अनामिका	Anonymos (G). Anamika (means Anonymous)
10	Arabia	अर्वस्थान	Sanskrit: Arvastan — Arva means 'Horse' in Sanskrit.
11	ardent, arson	अर्द-अर्दन	Eng. ardent — "strongly emotional about"; L. ardere/arsi — "be violently enraged, passionate / (countries), be in turmoil, at war"; Skt. ard — "make agitated, torment, kill";
12	arduous (steep)	ऊर्ध्व	L. ARDUUS, "steep"
13	Argentinum – Scientific Name of Silver	अर्जुन	Argentinum (L). Arjuna (meaning Charm of Silver)
14	Aristotle	अरिष्टताल	Sanskrit: Arishta-taal, "God, the warder of calamities".
15	aryan	आर्य	Skt. ārya — "noble one, respected one";
16	Australia	अस्त्रालय	Sanskrit: Astral-alaya, "Land of the missiles".
17	avatar	अवतार	Eng. avatar; Skt. avatara — "incarnations or descent" (of a deity to the earth in incarnate form)
18	Axis	अक्ष	Axon (G). Aksha (meaning Axis)
19	band, bandage	बन्ध, बन्धन	Skt. bandh — "bind around"
20	Barbarian	बर्बर	Barbaria (L). Barbara (meaning Foreign)
21	barber, barbarian	बर्बर	Skt. barbara — "barbarian, one with long hair"
22	bear, birth, infer	भृ-भरण, भरति	L. ferre — "bear"; Old Irish brita — "birth"; Skt. bhri — "to bear, carry away, endure"
23	bipedal	द्विपाद
24	Bolshevik	बलसेविक	Sanskrit: Bal-sevik, "Rishis seeking spiritual power".
25	booty/buty	भूति	plunder
26	both	उभ	L. AMBO (AMBIDEXTROUS, AMBIVALENT)
27	brinjal	भण्टकी
28	Britain	बृहत्-स्थान	Sanskrit: Brihat-sthan, "Great land or islands". In translation they say great britain
29	Brother	भ्रातृ	Phrater (G). Bhrathr (meaning Brother)
30	brother, brotherhood	भ्रातृ	L. frater; Skt. bhraathra — "brother, fraternity"
31	Budapest	बुद्ध-प्रस्थ	Sanskrit: Buddaprastha, "City dedicated to Lord Buddah".
32	Burma	ब्रह्मदेश	Sanskrit: Brahmadesh, "the Land of Brahma".
33	calculate	कलन (कल् धातु)	L. CALCULARE,
34	Calendar	कालेन्द्र/कालान्तर	Kalendae (L). Kaal (meaning Time)
35	Candle	चन्द्र	Candela (L) (meaning light / torch). Chandra (meaning Moon)
36	candle, chandelier, incendiary, incandescent, incensed	चन्द्र	L. candere — "shine, be hot", incendere/incensum — "burn, inflame emotions"; Skt. chand — "shine, be bright"
37	Canterbury	शंकपुरी	Sanskrit: Shankapury, "Township of Lord Siva".
38	car, chariot, carry	चर	Skt. chakra — "wheel", car — "go, move, travel through", carya — "driving in a carriage"
39	Caspean sea	कश्यप	Sanskrit: Kashyapa muni, "Named after the Vedic sage".
40	Casseopeans	कश्यप	Sanskrit: Kashyapa muni, "Followers of the Vedic sage".
41	cent, century, centime	शतम्	L. centum; Skt. shatam — "hundred"
42	centre	केन्द्र	Greek kentron"sharp point, goad, sting of a wasp,
43	century	शतम्	L. CENTUM (CENT, CENTURY, CENTIME)
44	character	चरित्र
45	cheetah	चित्रक	Eng. — "leopard"; Hin. chita; Skt. chitraka — "to be speckled"
46	committee	समिति
47	common	समान
48	conner, -gon	कोण	Eng. -gon, as in octagon, polygon — "figures which have corners and angles"; Gr. gonos/gonon, "-angled"; Skt. kona — "corner, angle, intermediate point of a compass"
49	cot	खट्वा
50	Cough	कफ	Coughen. Kafa (meaning Mucus)
51	Cow	गो	Bous (G). Gau (meaning Cow)
52	cow	गो	Old Saxon co; Low German ko; Skt. go — "cow"
53	Create	कृत	Creatus (L). Kri (meaning To Do)
54	create	कृत	L. creare/creatum — "bring about something"; Skt. kri — "make, accomplish, cause, effect, bring to completion"
55	cruel	क्रूर(र-ल)
56	dance	ताण्डव	Hung. TANC > Germ. TANZ (DANCE)
57	Danube river	दनुव	Sanskrit: Danuv — the Daityas were also known as the Danuv community due to Kashyapa munis marriage to Danu, who is also known as one of the primary Goddesses of the celts.
58	daughter	दुहितृ
59	Deca	दश	Deca (G). Dasha (meaning Ten)
60	decade, decagon, decimal, december	दश	Gr. deka; Skt. dasha — "ten"
61	december	दशमवार
62	demon	दानव
63	Dental	दन्त	Dentis (L). Danta (meaning Teeth)
65	Deutschland	दैत्यस्थान	Sanskrit: Daityasthan, "Land of the Daityas". Daitya refers to mother Diti and Kashyapa muni, the Dutch also share this link.
66	Devonshire	देवनेश्वर	Sanskrit: Devaneshwar, "Land of the Gods".
67	diamond	अ-दमन	Fr. diamant, L. adamantem — "the hardest metal," later, "diamond"; Skt. adaman — "unyielding"
68	Domicile	धाम	Domus (L). Dhama (meaning House)
69	Door	द्वार	Doru. Dwar (meaning Door)
70	door	द्वार	Skt. dur — "door"
71	eat	अद्
72	Egypt	अजापति	Sanskrit: Ajapati — Lord Rama, the illustrious scion of Aja. Their kings were named Ramses meaning Rama the God.
73	eight	अष्टन्
74	Eight	अष्ट	Octo (L). Ashta (meaning Eight)
75	Emerald	मरकत	Smaragdus (L). Maragadum (meaning Emerald)
76	England	अङ्गुलिस्थान	Sanskrit: Angulistan — Angulistan-Anguliand-England.
77	equal	एक(ल)	L. aequus — "that which is the same"; Skt. eka — "the same, equal"
78	Far	पर	Pera (G). Parah (meaning Remote)
79	far	पर
80	Father	पितृ	Pater (L). Pithr (meaning Father)
81	Gene	जन	Genea (G). Jan (meaning Generation)
82	generator	जनित्र
83	genus	जन	L. GENUS, "origin"; GENS/GENTIS, "clan" (CONGENITAL, GENETIC; GENTLE, "well-born, of good family, kind"; GENTILE, GENERATE, GENERATION, GENERIC, GENOCIDE, KIN/KIND; KINDERGARTEN, "childrens' garden")
84	geometry	ज्यामिति	Sanskrit: gyaamiti, "measuring the earth" — gya, "earth" + miti, "parameter".
85	geometry	ज्यामिति	Skt. gy — "earth", miti — "parametre"
86	German	शर्मन्	Sanskrit: Sharman — A common hindu surname.
87	Ghee, yoghurt	घृत	??. Ghritam (meaning Ghee)
88	great	बृहत्
89	gridy	गृधि
90	Guatamala	गौतमालय	Sanskrit: Guatam, "Abode of the Vedic sage Guatam".
91	Hari-tutay (Greek greeting)	हरि?	Sanskrit: — May Hari (Krsna) bless you.
92	harry, harass	हर	Eng. harry — "plunder; devastation", harass; Skt. hara — "destroying", haarya — "be robbed"
93	he	सः	Skt S changes to h as Sindhu – Hindu
94	heart	हृद्	Skt. harda — "heart"
95	Heidelberg	हय-दल-दुर्ग	Sanskrit: Haya-dal-durg, "Fort garrisoned by horses".
96	Hercules	हरि-	Sanskrit: Hari-culeesh, "In the lineage of Hari (Krsna)".
97	Hindenberg	सिन्धुदुर्ग	Sanskrit: Hindu-durg, "The fort of the Hindus".
98	hunting	हन्ति
99	I	अहम्
100	interior	अन्तर्
101	Irawaddy	इरावती	Sanskrit: Iravati, "refreshment", "holy libation".
102	Israel	ईश्वरालय	Sanskrit: Ishwaralaya, "The abode of Isha - God".
103	it	तत्
104	Jackal	शृगाल	Shagal (Persian). Srgalah (meaning Jackal)
105	january	जनवार
106	Jerusalem	यदु-ईशालाय	Sanskrit: Yadu-isha-layam — The township of Lord Krsna. Yadu - dynasty of Lord Krsna, Isha - God, alayam - abode or place.
107	Judaism	यदु-ism	Sanskrit: Yaduism — The Yadu dynasty which Lord Krsna appeared in. It is common for the y and j to become interchangeable hence, Yaduism, Yeduism and finally Judaism.
108	jungle	जङ्गल	Skt. jangala — "any wild or uncultivated land"
109	Juvenile	युवन्	Juvenilis (L). Yauvana (meaning Youth)
110	Kandahar (province of Afghanistan)	गान्धार	Sanskrit Gandhar or Gandhara — Gandhara is the name of an ancient kingdom , located in northern Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir and eastern Afghanistan. During the Mahabharata period, the present-day Kandahar province of Afghanistan used to be known as Gandhar.
111	Kashmir	कश्यप	Sanskrit: Kashyapa muni, "Named after the Vedic sage".
112	Kedah, Malaysia	केदारम्/ कटह	Tamil: Kedaram or Kataha
113	know	ज्ञा
114	Korea	गौरिय (गौरी)	Sanskrit: Gauriya, "Gouri, Vedic Goddess".
115	Langkawi, Malaysia	लङ्क्ष-सुख	Sanskrit: Langkasuka — langkha Sanskrit for "resplendent land", sukkha of "bliss"
116	libido	लुब्ध
117	light	लघु
118	Lilac	नील	Nilak (Persian). Nila (meaning Dark Blue)
119	Locale	लोक	Locus (L). Loka (meaning Place)
120	look	लोकयति (लुक् धातु)
121	mad	मत्त/मूढ
122	Mal as in Malicious, Malnutrition, Malformed etc	माला	Malus (L). Mala (meaning Dirt/Bad)
123	malady, malicious	मल/मलीन
124	man	मानव
125	man	मनु	Skt. manu — "the father of mankind"
126	Man/Men/Human	मनु	??. Manu (means First Human)
127	mantra	मन्त्र	Skt. mantra — "incantation, song, a repeated word"
128	Mauritius	मरीचि	Sanskrit: Marichi, "Vedic warrior from Ramayana".
129	Me	मा	Me (L). Ma (meaning Me/My)
130	measure	मिति
131	measure, meter, metric	मा- मात्र/मिति	L. metiri/mensus — "measure"; Skt. maa — "measure, compare", maatra — "measure"
132	mecca	मख
133	Medium	मध्यम	Medium (L). Madhyam (meaning Medium)
134	Mega	महा(न्)	Magnus (L). Maha (meaning Great)
135	mete	मित्र
136	meter	मात्रा
137	Mexico	मघिको?	Sanskrit: Maghico, "Vedic God Lord Indra".
138	Mind	मानस्	Mens (L). Man (Ma as in Malaysia) (meaning Mind)
139	mind, mental, mint	मनस्	L. mens, mentis — "think"; Skt. manas — "mind"
140	Mix	मिश्र	Mixtus (L). Mishra (meaning Mix)
141	month	मास
142	mortal	मृत
143	Moscow	मोक्ष	Sanskrit: moksha, "Salvation, goal of all Rishis".
144	Mosquito	मक्षिका	Musca (L) (Meaning Fly). Makshikaa (meaning Bee)
145	Mosquito	मश-कीट
146	Mother	मातृ	Mater (L). Matr (meaning Mother)
147	Mouse	मूष	Mus (L). Mush (meaning Mouse)
148	mouse	मूष	Skt. mus — "rat or mouse"
149	Murder	मातृ	Mortis (L). Mrta (meaning Dead)
150	Murder	मारण
151	Myth	मिथ्या	Mythos (G). Mithya (meaning Lie)
152	Name	नाम	Nomen (L). Naama (means Name)
153	navigation	नौगति	Sanskrit: Navgati, "science of sailing" — Nav, "sailor or ship" + gati, "pace or speed" in Sanskrit.
154	Navigation	नौगति	Navigationem (L). Navagatha (meaning Navigation)
155	navy, navigate, nautical	नौ/नौगतिक	Skt. nau — "ship", navya
156	new	नव
157	night	नक्तम्
158	nine, november, novena	नवन्	Eng. november — "the ninth month of a previous calendar", novena — "a nine-day devotional with prayers"; Skt. ava — "nine", navan
159	No	नो	Ne. Na (meaning No)
160	no	न/नो
161	Nocturnal	नक्त	Nocturnalis (L). Nakta (meaning Night)
162	Nose	नास	Nasus (L). Naas (means Nose)
163	Nova – New	नव	Novus (L). Nava (meaning New)
164	novelty, novice, innovate, renovate	नव(ता)	Gr. neos; L. novus; Italy neos; Skt. nava — "new"
165	november	नवमवार
166	now	नव
167	octagon	अष्टकोण	L. octo; Ger. acht; Skt. asta — "eight", kona — "corner, angle, intermediate point of a compass"
168	octet, octopus	अष्ट	L. octo; Ger. acht; Skt. asta — "eight"
169	october	अष्टौवार
170	octopus	अष्टपाद
171	Opal	उपल	Opalus (L). Upalah (meaning Precious Stone)
172	Orange	नारङ्गी	Naranj. Narangi (meaning Orange)
173	Palestine	पलुस्तिन?	Sanskrit: Palustin — Vedic sage.
174	paradise	परदेश
175	Paris	परेश	Sanskrit: Parameshwari, "Vedic Goddess".
176	Parthia	पार्थ	Sanskrit: Partha, "Arjuna, devotee of Lord Krsna".
177	Path	पथ	Pathes (G). Patha (meaning Path)
178	path	पथ	Skt. patha — "path"
179	Ped as in Pedestrial, Pedal etc	पद्	Pedis (L). Paad (meaning Foot)
180	Penta, Five	पञ्च	Pente (G). Pancha (meaning Five)
181	penta, pentagon	पञ्चकोण	Eng. pentagon — "five-sided figure"; Gr. penta — "five" Skt. pancha — "five", kon — "angle"
182	Pepper	पिप्पली	Piperi (G). Pippali (meaning Pepper)
183	pepper	पिप्पली	L. piperi; Skt. pippali — "a long pepper"
184	peri- (prefix)	परि	Skt. pari (prefix) — "about, near"
185	Persia	परशु	Sanskrit: Parasu, "Vedic warrior Parasurama".
186	point	बिन्दु
187	pre- (prefix)	प्र	Skt. pra (prefix) — "before, in front of"
188	progenitor	प्रजनित्र
189	progeny	प्रजनि
190	pus	पू
191	putrid	पूत
192	Quarter	चतुर्	Quartus (L). Chatur (meaning Four)
193	quarter, quaternary, quadrate	चतुर्	Eng. quattor (quarter — "a fourth", quaternary — "in fours", quadrate — "four-sided"); Skt. catur — "four"
194	queen	राज्ञी	Fr. REINE (REIGN
195	quote	कथा	O.H.G. QUETHAN
196	Ramallah (Palestine city)	रामालयः	Sanskrit: "The city of Lord Rama".
197	Ramstein	रामस्थान	Sanskrit: Ramstan, "Place of Lord Rama".
198	Ravenna (Italian city)	रावण	Sanskrit: Ravanna, "Demon killed by Lord Rama".
199	regal, regulate	राज
200	remember	स्मरण
201	Rice	व्रीहि	Oriza (L). Vrihis (meaning Rice)
202	rich	राज	Ger. REICH, "rich; empire, kingdom")
203	right	ऋतम्
204	Rome	राम	Sanskrit: Rama, "Lord Rama".
205	Royal	राय/राज	Regalis (L). Raja / Raya (meaning King)
206	Rubble	रैबल	Sanskrit: Raya-bal, "Strength of the realm".
207	Russia	ऋषीय	Sanskrit: Rishiya, "Land of the Rishis".
208	sad	सद(धातु)
209	sadhu	साधु	Skt. sādhu — "well and good"
210	salon, saloon	शाला	Fr. salle — "saloon" Skt. shaalaa (prefix) — "large room"
211	samadhi	समाधि	Skt. samadhi — "putting together"
212	sambal	सम्भार	Mal. sambal — ""; Tam. sambal — ""; Skt. sambhārei — ""
213	sambar	शम्बर	Skt. śambarah — "a kind of Asian deer"
214	same	सम	Skt. sama — "same"
215	samsara	संसार	Skt. samsAra — "passing through"
216	sandal	चन्दन	Skt. candanam — "sandalwood"
217	Sandalwood	चन्दन	Santalon (G). Chandana (meaning Sandalwood)
218	sandhi	सन्धि	Skt. samdhih — "a wide variety of phonological processes"
219	sangha	सङ्घ	Skt. sangha — "a community of monks and nuns"
220	sanskrit	संस्कृत	Skt. samskrtam — "put together, well-formed"
221	sapphire	शनिप्रिय	L. sapphirus; Gr. sappheiros; Skt. sanipriya — ""
222	sari	शाटी	Hin. sari; Pkt. sadi; Skt. sati — "garment"
223	sattva	सत्त्व	Skt. sattvah — "truth"
224	satyagraha	सत्याग्रह	Skt. satyagraha — "insisting on truth"
225	Scandinavia	स्कन्दनावीय	Sanskrit: Skanda + Naviya — Skanda is the son of Lord Siva. Naviya is Sanskrit for naval settlement. Scandinavians were the mariner descendants of the Vedic ksatriyas who worshipped Skanda.
226	self	स्व	L. SE/SUA, Fr. SE/SOI/SA (SELF)
227	septe-	सप्तन्	Eng. september — "month of seven", septennial — "every seven years"; Skt. saptan — "seven"
228	september	सप्तमवार
229	Serpent	सर्प	Serpentem (L). Sarpa (meaning Snake)
230	Seven	सप्तन्	Septum (L). Sapta (meaning Seven)
231	sew	सीव्यति/सिव्	A.S. SEOWIAN, Goth. SIUJAN (SEW)
232	Shalome	ईशालयम्	Sanskrit: Ishalayam, "The abode of God". Ishalayam - shalayam - shalome.
233	shampoo	चपयति	Hin. champo; Skt. capayati — "kneads"
234	she	सा
235	shirt	शाट
236	Siberia	शिबिर्य (शिबिर)	Sanskrit: Shibeerya, "The locals still call their land Shibir".
237	Similar	सम	Similis (L). Sama (meaning Similar)
238	sine	ज्या	L. sinus - "a bay or a cove"; Ar. jiba - "a bay or a cove"; Skt. jya
239	sir	श्री	old eng – sire, Tamil – Thiru
240	sister	स्वसृ
241	sit	सत्ति	SEDERE (SETTLE, RESIDE, RESIDUE,
242	six	षट्
243	sleep	स्वप्
244	Smile	स्मि-स्मय	Smilen (L). Smi (meaning Smile)
245	smile	स्मि - स्मय	Skt. smi — "smile"
246	some	सम	Skt. sama — "any, every"
247	son	सूनु
248	song	संगीत
249	sonorous	स्वन
250	Soviet	श्वेत	Sanskrit: Svet, "White as in white snow covered region".
251	stand	स्थान
252	Stay	स्थ	Stare (L) (meaning To Stand). SthaH (meaning Situated)
253	Stein	स्थान	Sanskrit: Stan, "Place".
254	stupa	स्तुप	Skt. stūpah — "crown of the head"
255	sudra	शूद्र	Skt. śūdrah — ""
256	Sugar / Sucrose	शर्करा	Succarum. Sharkara (meaning Sugar)
257	sugar, saccharin, sucrose	शर्करा	Mid. L. succarum; Ar. sukkar; Pr. shakar; Skt. sharkara — "ground or candied sugar"
258	sulfur	शुल्व	L. sulfur; Skt. sulvari — ""
259	sutra	सूत्र	Skt. sutram — "a rule"
260	Svetlana	श्वेतानन	Sanskrit: Svetanana, "fair faced". Svetlana, the name of Stalins daughter is from the Sanskrit word svetanana.
261	swastika	स्वस्तिक	Skt. svastika — "one associated with well-being, a lucky charm"
262	sweat	स्वेद
263	Sweet	तत्	Suavis (L). Svaad (meaning Tasty)
264	sweet	स्वादु
265	sympathy	सम्पत्ति
266	Syria	सूर्य	Sanskrit: Surya, "Vedic Sun God".
267	Talmud (jewish scripture)	तालमुद	Sanskrit: Talmud, "palm leaf manuscript" — Tal is Sanskrit for palm. Mud comes from mudra which means imprint or script, hence Talmud is Sanskrit for palm leaf manuscript.
268	tame	दम	L. DOMARE=O.E. TAM (INDOMITABLE)
269	temperature	ताप-मात्रा
270	That	तत्	Talis (L). Tha (meaning That)
271	that	तत्	Skt. tat — "that"
272	Thee	त्वम्	Dih. Tva (meaning Thee)
273	they	ते
274	think	चिन्त
275	thou, thee	त्व(म्)	L. tu/te/tua; Fr. toi; Skt. tva — "you"
276	thou(you)	त्वम्
277	Three	त्रि	Treis (G). Thri (meaning Three)
278	three, triple	त्रि	Skt. tri — "three"
279	Tibet	त्रिपष्टक, त्रिविष्टक	Sanskrit: Tripishtaka or Trivistaka — the supposed land of the Gods to the north of the Himalayas.
280	time	समय
281	tree	तरु
282	trigonometry	त्रिकोणमिति	Sanskrit: trikonmiti, "measuring triangular shape" — tri, "three" + kon, "angle" + miti, "parameter".
283	trigonometry	त्रिकोणमिति	Skt. tri — "three", kona — "corner, angle, intermediate point of a compass", miti — "parametre"
284	two	द्वि
285	un (prefix meaning “not” ex: do-undo	अन्	un (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”). an (prefix meaning “not” ex: avashya – anavashya)
286	Vehicle	वाहक	Vehere (meaning to Carry) (L). Vahaami (meaning Carry) L. VEHICULUM, VEHERE (VEHICULAR, WEIGH)
287	Vest	वस्त्र	Vestire (L). Vastr (meaning Cloth)
288	Voice	वचस्	Vocem (L). Vachas (meaning Speech)
289	Vomit	वमित/वमन	Vomere (L). Vama / Vamati (meaning Vomit)
290	water	वारि
291	we	वयम्
292	widow	विधव/विधवा
293	win	विन्द्-विन्दते
294	wind	वा- वान, वात	L. VENTUS, "wind" (WIND, VENTILATE, VENT)
295	yoga	योग	Skt. yoga — "yoke, union"
296	yogi	योगी	Skt. yogi — "one who practices yoga or ascetic"
297	yoke, join	योग	Skt. yuj — "yoke, join, bind"
298	you	यूयम्	L. TU/TE/TUA, Fr. TOI (THOU, THEE)
299	young, juvenile	युवन्	Skt. yu — "young", yuvan — "young"
300	Zero	शून्य	Cipher (A). Shunya (meaning Zero)